The Arlington National Cemetery By George Washington

I:HISTORY OF ARLINGTON: George Washington’s relation to the Arlington National Cemetery is that his step-grandson, (George Washington Parke Custis), once owned the land. George is related to Mr. Custis by his wife, Martha Washington. Martha had a different affair with George Washington Parke Custis’s grandfather, Daniel Parke Custis, who died July 8, 1757 of most likely a heart attack. Martha Dandridge relates to the Arlington National Cemetery because she is the grandmother of George Washington Parke Custis who owned the Arlington National Cemetery. Dandridge is Martha’s father’s last name. She gained the last names of Daniel Parke Custis and George Washington after she be-wed them. George Washington Parke Custis once was the owner of the†¦show more content†¦His revenge was to embarrass Robert for joining the Confederacy. Meig ruined the property and home, making the area unoccupiable by using the area as burial grounds because of the over stocked cemeteries and high level grounds which made it flood free. We have the Arlington National Cemetery today because of this debut. Civil War burials were in various places; prison, camps, hospitals, the front line, etc. Most deaths were honored depending on the symbolic meaning their body were represented as. Burials were based on religious matters as well as the rank and communal duties, but most important was the personal respect in the in the face of death. In 1874 Custis Lee sued the government to regain the estate of Arlington House, Congress returned it to him in 1883. Only to be sold back to the government for 150,000 dollars. II:TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS(20TH) CENTURY: At the end of World War 1 four unknowns were exhumed from four World War 1 cemeteries in France, only one was chosen as the â€Å"Unknown Soldier.† The chosen unknown soldier was shipped to the United States aboard the USS Olympia, those remaining soldiers were interred in the Meuse Argonne Cemetery, France. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was placed at the Arlington National Cemetery because it was the honorary cemetery where people that had served in the United States forces were likely buried. The Tomb is supposed to show respect and honor, especially because we couldn’t identify him asShow MoreRelatedThe Arlington National Cemetery By George Washington1915 Words   |  8 Pagesshows that soldiers will die for their friends because they believe that it is their way to serve their nation. This quote represents what Arlington National Cemetery is about acres and acres of tombs to honor are soldiers. Arlington National Cemetery is a place where we honor our nation’s fallen soldiers and presidents. Arlington came about by George Washington when he married a widow Martha Custis. Martha had four kids with her first husband, but only two survived. Their names are John Parke CustisRead MoreEssay On The Tomb Of The Unknowns1025 Words   |  5 PagesI: History of Arlington George Washington, who was the 1st president of the United States, was the step-grandfather of George Washington Parke Custis. In 1759 George Washington married Martha Dandridge. After the death of Martha’s first husband Daniel, she gained the Arlington House. The Arlington House later became ownership of General Robert E. Lee and his wife Mary Randolph Custis. Lee left the house in order to fight in the Civil War. Mary was unable to pay the taxes she needed to, so she hadRead MoreEssay about Warren G. Harding, President638 Words   |  3 PagesWarren G. Harding, President (1865-1923) Harding was born on November 2, 1865, in Corsica (now Bloomington Grove), Ohio. He was eldest of eight children. His father, George Tryon Harding, was a farmer and a doctor. His mother, Phoebe Dickerson Harding, was a gentle, pious woman who devoted herself to her children. As a boy Warren helped his fater on the farm. In the summer he worked in a sawmill that made brooms, and he drove a team of horses for the Toledo and Ohio Central Railroaad.Read More We Need a Constitutional Amendment to Protect the American Flag485 Words   |  2 Pagespeople who gave up their lives to defend this country. Yet some disrespectful people still defame that symbol with impunity. In outbursts all over the world, people burn, spit upon, or defile the American flag. This is the same as going to Arlington National Cemetery and spitting on the graves of our war heroes. It is tantamount to telling a soldiers mother that her son who fought to protect others died in vain. When a soldier, a policemen, a firemen or other officer dies, his or her family is givenRead MoreThe Construction and Development of the Pentagon818 Words   |  3 Pagesmultiple fronts, the United States existing military infrastructure was growing rapidly outdated. The War Department in Washington was growing at an explosive rate, its 24,000 workers spread in 17 buildings, including apartment buildings, private homes and several rented garages (Building the Pentagon , 2012, Huffington Post). The main architects commissioned by the Pentagon were George Edwin Bergstrom and David J. Witmer (Vogel 2007:5). The planned construction of the Pentagon was embarked upon inRead MoreThe Veterans Administration ( Va )3569 Words   |  15 Pagessubdivisions: The Veteran Health Administration (VHA), The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA), and The Veterans Cemetery Administration. This paper will explore and analyze one of these divisions, (The Veterans Administration – VA), which has several locations throughout the United States, ran by the undersecretary, who s main office is located in our nation s capital, Washington, DC. This organization has a 2014 budget of $ 152.7 billion of which $ 66.5 billion earmarked to unrestricted resourcesRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1072 Words   |  5 Pagesas the war progressed, so did the protests that spread across the world .In Washington D.C. , a three-day protest took place, It was named the march against death. It was a peaceful protest against the Vietnam war. An estimated 45,000 people participated,each person carried a place card of a dead U.S. soldier or a destroyed Vietnamese village written on it. They marched in silence from Arlington National Cemetery through the city. As they walked by the white house, a few at a time they yelledRead MoreReagan s Impact On America967 Words   |  4 PagesClassifying this group as We the People from the Constitution was to show the support he has for them and this country. The former governor acknowledged the sweet spot of the nation; the American soldiers first the heroic fallen soldiers at the Arlington National Cemetery and continues on by agreeing that they paid a price for the American people â€Å"They add up to only a tiny fraction of the price that has been for our freedom.† The soldiers were the warriors to the freedom of corrupt nations an d Reagan listedRead MoreTravel Ban Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesbased in fear. There are many mentions of protecting the US from outsiders. For example, Barbara Drury Gibbons (2017) posted two pictures of quotes, one from Thomas Jefferson, declaring criminals are the enemy of the people, and the other from George Washington, asserting that people should be armed so they can maintain independence from those who want to abuse them. In addition, she states, â€Å"Our Founding Fathers wrote OUR Constitution, original Amendments, AND Bill of Rights, to protect THE UNITEDRead MoreLatino American Civil Rights By Felix Longoria2664 Words   |  11 Pagesintegral part of the Longoria Affair. Once Hector Garcia heard of what happened, he proceeded to do all he could to correct the situation. He called a reporter from the Corpus Christi Caller, George Groh, to investigate if Kennedy did indeed practice discrimination when dealing with Mrs. Longoria. When George Groh contacted Kennedy the question of whether or not he did discriminate Latinos, including Beatrice Longoria, was confirmed. He had urged to Kennedy to be careful of what he said because it

Baseball in the Dominican Republic Essay - 649 Words

Baseball in the Dominican Republic Baseball was first brought over to the Dominican Republic in the 1870s, when thousands of Cubans came fleeing to the island nation in refuge from the Ten Years War. Along with baseball, Cubans also brought with sugar producing expertise that had made them the largest sugar producer in the Caribbean. Sugar immediately became the Dominican Republics key money-making export, but baseball took a little longer to come around. At the turn of the century, many British of African descent came to the Dominican Republic from St. Martin, Nevis, Tortola and other islands whose sugar industry was collapsing as the Dominican cane fields were expanding. These Cocolos brought with them cricket and more†¦show more content†¦So they play baseball. And how sweetly it is played! Another element in the socio-economic factor is for many young men, it is the only road to success; either make it in baseball or go work in the mills. This is a drive which pushes them even harder to become exception al baseball players. San Pedro De Marcoris, a costal city of the Republic which is the center of sugar production, is the only region in the world that has enough local talent to form a Major League baseball team. Most of the people of this sugar mill concentration are Colocos, as with most of the great baseball players of the Dominican Republic. So what is the connection between baseball and these Dominicans of English descent? Many will consider the hereditary aspect, as Colocos seem to be bigger in size than native Dominicans. However, the culture that they advocate is the major link in this relationship. The Colocos had a very organized and disciplined culture, carrying the British colonial tradition with them. This meant a certain degree of experience in benevolent societies and collective self-help, along with a strong sense of individualism. And they brought a passion for the game of cricket, which transformed into that of baseball. This attitude was carried on to the field and the approach to the game. Althouth the distinction between English and Dominican has waned, Colocos have without a doubt been the core of Dominican baseballs success,Show MoreRelatedBaseball: the American Pastime in the Dominican Republic1926 Words   |  8 PagesBaseball: The American Pastime in the Dominican Republic One hundred and forty years after American-influenced Cubans fled their home island during the Ten Years’ War and brought baseball to the Dominican Republic (D.R.), the sport is thriving in the impoverished nation. 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In November 1997 Pedro Martà ­nez, signed with the Boston Red Sox on a six-year, $75 million deal, becoming the highest paid player in Major League Baseball. Ironically, the Red Sox were in the midst of a losing season when he joined, and it took some convincing for Pedro to sign with them, even though it was the team with which he would eventually win a World Series and earn his Hall of Fame statusRead MoreSmuggling Cuban Baseball Players Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesMajor League Baseball (MLB) in America has an influx of players from across the world and many come from Latin American countries. The country of Cuba has numerous players playing in the MLB even though Cuban citizens are not allowed to leave Cuba without a permit that is very difficult to get. Most young Cuban baseball players are forced to flea the country in order to enter the MLB. These young men have to risk jail time and their lives in hopes of getting a payday in America. They are smuggledRead MoreWhat Is The Role Of Religion In The Culture Of The Dominican Republic1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is home to almost 11 million people. Located in the Caribbean just 90 minutes by plane from Miami, it shares the Hispaniola island with Haiti to the west. The Climate is Tropical year-round with an average temperature of 76 °. Christopher Columbus discovered the island on his very first voyage in 1492. Shortly after the Spanish brought African slaves to the island to work the plantations. We will look the people and the culture of the Dominican RepublicRead MoreThe Dominican Republic Became A Nation Of Their Own1227 Words   |  5 Pages1844, the Dominican Republic became a nation of their own. The island was named La Isla Espaà ±ola and soon became Hispaniola, when Christopher Columbus discovered the island in 1492. Santo Domingo became the Spanish capital a few years later. Due to Santo Domingo s location, it was a gateway to the Caribbean. In the year of 1838, a secret society called La Trinitaria was organized by Spanish-speaking Dominicans to overthro w Haitian rule. Juan Pablo Duarte, a son of a wealthy Dominican family establishedRead MoreAdrian Beltre : One Of The Best Players879 Words   |  4 Pages Adrian Beltre: One of the best players in Major League Baseball Standing 5 foot 11 inches and weighing 220 pounds, Adrian Beltre-Perez is one of the best third basemen in Major League Baseball. Mr. Beltre is one of my favorite players in all of sports. I admire him to the extent that I have a bobble head of him on the dashboard of my car. Girls can be crazy baseball fans, too. Adrian Beltre is one of the best players of all time because he has been selected four times for the Rawlings Gold Glove

Marketing Plan Insurance and Opportunities

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Plan Insurance and Opportunities. Answer: Introduction NatureCare is one of the leading cosmetic company and first cosmetics retailer which sells directly through online. In other sense, this company provides its products to their customers through online. Besides that, this company has branches over Melbourne, Northcote of Australia. On the other hand, this paper is based on the marketing strategy of NatureCare and how the management implements a successful marketing plan to attack more customers. Moreover, SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, four P's of marketing mix and roles and responsibilities of management will be evaluated in this assessment. Marketing plan is the strategy made by an organization to achieve organizational objectives. SWOT and PESTEL analysis The SWOT and PESTEL analysis are based on personal care products. The SWOT analysis describes the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats of the organization. On the other hand, PESTEL analysis consists of Political, Environmental, Social, Technological, Economic and Legal factors. Delivery of excellent quality products to the customers who use personal beauty care products is the strength of the company. Other strengths are high brand awareness, celebrity endorsements, and fantastic product line. Nature Care have a presence in the VFM or value for money segment in which it is a leader (Van?k, Mikol and Ã… ½vkov, 2012). The company may face problems of differentiation. Some products are known to be exquisite, but others are ignored. The company can change the lifestyle of customers and also creates the growth strategies. An intense rivalry is a threat to the enterprise. On the political side, the government set VAT applied to all the personal care products of Nature Care. The brand policy, on the other hand, states that they do not test animals except when required by law. From social side, the company is identified as strongest engagement with the customers amongst the cosmetic brands (Kampanje, 2016). Aside from that, the products are sold more on the market with the help of social networking technologies such as Facebook and Twitter. The organization needs to set the price of goods according to the economic income of the country so that the people can afford it so that they can achieve organizational objectives. Risk in market opportunities Two marketing opportunities such as changing the lifestyle of customers and creation of growth strategies have some risk in it. The risk is providing expired products to the customers which can lead to loss of clients as well as the business. Then the lifestyle cannot be changed. Moreover, while creating a growth strategy, communication issues are faced by the company. These communication problems can be solved by proper vocal training. Other risks are a technology problem (Heathcote, Storesletten and Violante, 2015). Technical faults in manufacturing machines lead to damage of products which should be sold to the customers. Marketing Mix: 4Ps The marketing mix of Nature Care consists of 4Ps such as product, place, price and promotion. The marketing mix is significant as it helps the organizations to promote their products to the customer as well as increase brand awareness. A good quality product increases the client satisfaction level (Keegan and Green, 2015). Consequently, brand awareness increases. Moreover, the personal care products are most needed by the people who dwells in city areas. Therefore, a campaign should be made in such places where there are lots of skin and hair problems. Saloons and spa use these products to take care of their customers regarding skin and hair. The price should be set reasonably so that the clients can afford to buy. In order to implement successful marketing strategies, the management of NatureCare needs to recruit efficient staffs who will be properly awarded about their roles and responsibility. Besides that, the management of NatureCare should reduce the price of products which is an effective marketing strategy included in marketing plan. Apart from that, according to the timeline, required marketing tactics should be implemented through proper monitoring mechanisms and coordination. In order to implement marketing tactics successfully, the management of NatureCare needs to focus on available budget and staff. In other words, the management also spends efficient funds for the implementation of marketing tactics to achieve its goals and objectives. Regarding legal and ethical issues, the management should test their products before launching in the market. As well as, the customers should not wrongly address by management about a specific product (Sant, 2004). The marketing performance will be influenced by various types of marketing objectives which include a description of marketing metrics. While, the marketing objectives includes many significant aspects such as, customer requirement, rival companys strategy and current market condition which measure organizational performance by achieving goals and objectives . According to the SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and marketing 4Ps which are discussed in this report, a new skin related beauty product such as body lotion is required by most of the customers. So, a confirmed approval of CEO is required to develop the marketing plan which increase the profit of the organization to achieve its goals and objectives (Product reviews, 2004). Two marketing opportunities are that increasing demand of body lotion and available products are too expensive. The recommended marketing strategy and tactics are that the management should provide desired beauty products at a reasonable price to the customers. In order to measure marketing performance, the appropriate approach needs to be undertaken by the management. For example, each and every customer needs to be awarded properly about the skin products of NatureCare. On the other hand, the management of NatureCare should collect the feedback from their customers as documented in the report to achieve organizational goals(Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2008). In order to explain the marketing strategies to team members, effective communication is playing an essential role. Besides that, the team leader needs effective communication skills to elaborate his/her ideas clearly and concisely. Sometimes, team members ask questions regarding marketing strategy, so, the team leader must find out the point of view of the team. In addition, with the help of members suggestion and opinion, the team performance can be evaluated. Although, the team leader must reply to the questions which may be asked by his/her team members about marketing strategy to confirm and clarify information(Communication, 2009). Each and every segment of marketing plan helps the organization to achieve its goals and objectives by meeting customers demand. Conclusion The overall report consists of the marketing plans and strategies to develop the business of Nature Care. The report includes SWOT and PESTEL analysis to address the strength, weakness, opportunities and threat of the company along the political, legal, social, technical, economic and environmental factors. Marketing strategies include 4P's which helps the organization to globalize their market. References Heathcote, J., Storesletten, K. and Violante, G. (2015). Insurance and opportunities: A welfare analysis of labor market risk.Journal of Monetary Economics, 55(3), pp.501-525. Kampanje, B. (2016). Pestel Analysis of Malawi's Non-Life Insurance Industry.SSRN Electronic Journal. Keegan, W. and Green, M. (2015).Global Marketing. 1st ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Van?k, M., Mikol, M. and Ã… ½vkov, K. (2012). Evaluation Methods of Swot Analysis / Metody Vyhodnocen Swot Analzy.GeoScience Engineering, 58(2). Communication. (2009). 1st ed. Irving, TX: Boy Scouts of America. Lamb, C., Hair, J. and McDaniel, C. (2008).Marketing. 1st ed. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Product reviews. (2004).Engineering Management, 14(1), pp.10-10. Sant, T. (2004).Persuasive business proposals. 1st ed. New York: AMACOM.

Key Relationships Between Bank of America and Wells Fargo free essay sample

While both banks use organizational control techniques, their financial statements clearly indicate that each bank wishes to discuss a specific type of organizational control used by their company. To better understand the similarities and differences in how Bank of America and Wells Fargo choose to operate; an in-depth look at three specific topics is necessary. A four part review of the inter-relationships of the data provided in the statements from both banks will provide a better understanding of how they compare. The first inter-relationship of data that can be viewed from these two banks is their statement of cash flows. While Bank of America and Wells Fargo’s statements of cash flows are not identical, the statements have three similarities. The similarities are operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities (Bank of America, 2007) (Wells Fargo Company, 2007). These three activities have similar subdivisions, however; the amounts that correlate with those subdivisions differ greatly between the banks. We will write a custom essay sample on Key Relationships Between Bank of America and Wells Fargo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second inter-relationship of data that can be viewed from these two banks is their statement of income. While Bank of America and Wells Fargos statements of income are not identical, they are similar. These similarities are interest income, interest expense, net interest income, non-interest income, and non-interest expense (Bank of America, 2007) (Wells Fargo Company, 2007). Once again these activities have similar subdivisions with strong variations in the amounts that correlate within the subdivisions. The third inter-relationship of data that can be viewed from these two banks is the statement of changes and shareholders equity. A common factor among both statements is the release of the balance as of December 31 year after year (Bank of America, 2007) (Wells Fargo Company, 2007). The fourth inter-relationship of data that can be viewed from these two banks also has strong ties to the basic accounting equation. The key components of the basic accounting equation that are illustrated in Bank of America’s and Wells Fargos financial statements are found in the balance sheet. The balance sheets are broken into the three main sections of assets, liabilities, and stockholders equity. The subdivisions under each of these sections are as similar as they are different. Some of the similarities are such things as cash, goodwill and other assets, while the dissimilarities can range depending on the type of business that the bank chooses to do (Bank of America, 2007) (Wells Fargo Company, 2007). In keeping with the basic accounting equation, the total shareholder equity plus total liabilities equals total assets. The next key financial relationships between Bank of America and Wells Fargo are each companys control techniques described in their financial statements. To understand what is described in their financial statements one must first understand what organizational control techniques are. Control techniques empower managers with the amount and type of information needed to monitor and measure performance (Albrecht, S. , Stice, J. , Stice, E. , and Swain, M. , 2005). Bank of America’s financial statements discuss that after their organization has strategies in place to reach its goals, funding is allocated to support the necessary resources and labor. As money is spent statements are updated to reflect the accounts affected by the spending. Managers use these financial statements, such as an income statement or balance sheet, to check the progress of plans and programs. Management uses the information provided by financial statements to monitor financial resources and activities. The income statement shows the results of the organizations operations over a specific period, such as revenues, expenses, and profit or loss. The balance sheet shows what the organization is worth (assets) at a particular point and the extent to which those assets were financed through debt (liabilities) or owners investment (equity) (Bank of America, 2007). Wells Fargos financial statements discusses financial audits, or formal investigations, that are regularly performed to ensure that the organization’s financial management procedures follow generally accepted procedures, policies, laws, and ethical guidelines. Audits may be conducted internally or externally. Wells Fargo goes into even more detail and discusses their financial ratio analysis that examines the relationship between specific figures on the financial statements and helps explain the significance of those figures. Liquidity ratios measure an organizations ability to generate cash. Profitability ratios measure an organizations ability to generate profits. Debt ratios measure an organizations ability to pay its debts. Activity ratios measure an organizations efficiency in operations and use of assets. In addition to this, financial responsibility centers require managers to account for a units progress toward financial goals within the scope of their influences. A managers goals and responsibilities may focus on unit profits, costs, revenues, or investments (Wells Fargo Company, 2007). In conclusion, Bank of America and Wells Fargo are separate banks, however; both of these institutions share many similarities when reporting their financial statements. The inter-relationships of the data provided in the statements seem to exemplify the correlation of accounting practices between these two banks.

Rio Grande From Babtist to Bevo to Bell Tower essays

Rio Grande From Babtist to Bevo to Bell Tower essays Abby Gail Goodnite is a 2001 graduate of Rio Grande University. She has authored several articles published in Goldenseal, including West Virginia Traditional Life and Bluegrass Unlimited, just to name a couple. Goodnite also has several entries in the forthcoming West Virginia Encyclopedia as well as the Encyclopedia of South Carolina. A professor at Rio Grande University since 1976, Ivan M. Tribe holds a B.A. from Ohio University and a Ph.D. from the University of Toledo. Among his many writings, Tribe has authored two books on country music history and contributed to several popular academic journals and encyclopedias. This work and Tribes extensive writings on the Hocking Valley Mining Region earned him the Edwin A. Jones Award in 1998. As the title suggests, this book relays the history of Rio Grande the town and school from founding to present. Offered in an in depth and objective account of history are many interesting facts and stories that can be appreciated by all (familiar with the area or not). The work takes us to the mid 1800s, introducing the reader to Rio Grandes unique founders and brings us back through to the present, nearly year by year, leaving no leaf unturned as it engages us with the events that slowly morphed the University and town into what we see today. Consistent with the movement of the time and area, the founders of Rio Grande were converted to the Baptist faith of Christianity by a traveling reverend. When Rev. Ira Z. Hanning met Nehemiah and Permeilia Atwood, they owned a large piece of land used for pasture. Under the dream of Rev. Hanning and the Atwoods were soon on a mission to establish a strong college for ministry training in their small town. Although he would not survive to see his mission complete, seven years after Nehemiah Atwoods death the dream of Rio Grande College was realized as result of Hanning and Permilia At ...

Introduction of Marijuana Essay Example

Introduction of Marijuana Essay Example Introduction of Marijuana Essay Introduction of Marijuana Essay The use of marijuana has been an active past time for thousands of years, however, it did not reach the United States until around 1912. A wave of Mexican immigrants was entering the country in the effort to find work; with them came marijuana. The use of marijuana was a normal custom among the Mexican people, but the White Americans in towns bordering Mexico saw the use of this particular plant in a different light. Fueled with racism and frustration associated with the lack of work for the American people, whites proclaimed that the smoking of marijuana gave the Mexicans super-human strength and transformed those who smoked it into violent murderers. With the increase in rumors of bloodshed and mayhem brought about by Mexicans on marijuana-rampages, the city council of El, Paso, Texas passed a law, the El Paso Ordinance of 1914, banning the possession of marijuana (Grass: The History of Marijuana). As a result, the regulation not only provided a way to control marijuana, but Mexicans as well. THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF NARCOTICS AND UNIFROM STATE NARCOTIC LAW Meanwhile, those Americans who did not reside in states bordering Mexico were quite unfamiliar with the use of marijuana, and were much more concerned with the then current war on opium, morphine, cocaine, and heroin addiction plaguing society. In the early 1930’s the United States government decided that these public health issues of addiction could be handled by the United States Department of Treasury, who in turn established the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). Harry J. Anslinger was assigned as the Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. Anslinger was an alcohol prohibitionist who believed that â€Å"progress can only be achieved by controlling the deprived impulses of the masses†; he believed that if laws implemented in society were strict enough and if enough people were punished for partaking in prohibited acts, the public would steer away from wrongdoing. Anslinger believed this same philosophy would work in America’s war against dope. However, Anslinger found it hard to regulate drug use in all 48 states; he was only one man and during the Depression, it was difficult to find financial backing for such a feat. Anslinger sought the solution to his problem among the forty-eight states of America; he aimed to influence each state to individually control drug use and trafficking among its citizens. Anslinger planned to do this by getting each state to sign a joint agreement that would commit a portion of each state’s resources to the drug control, the Uniform State Narcotic Law. However, only nine states agreed (New York, New Jersey, Virginia, South Carolina, Louisiana, Florida, and Indiana), the other states believed that the agreement allowed the federal government to interfere with state affairs (Grass, 1999). Meanwhile, New Orleans was a major port city that trafficked marijuana into the United States by way of West Indian sailors. It was known as muggles, tea, or reefer on the streets of New Orleans, and grew extremely popular among the jazz crowd in the city due to the proclamation that music sounded notably better after a â€Å"reefer stick†. Musicians began to bring marijuana from New Orleans to cities farther north up the Mississippi River, increasing the drug’s popularity in larger cities of America. With this growing popularity and awareness, Anslinger saw targeting marijuana as the means to his end; he concluded that if he could convince white America that marijuana was an absolute menace, the frightened voters would push their state legislature to agree to his Uniform State Narcotic Law (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). The media was Anslinger’s primary weapon in leading all Americans to believe that marijuana was the most dangerous social issue that had ever faced the country; the use of marijuana was tied to the likes of murder, insanity and death; mothers were told to protect their children from becoming slaves to the drug and movies were made linking the smoking of marijuana with immediate insanity, murderous rage or committing suicide (Grass, 1999). The negative propaganda eventually obtained a firm grasp on the minds of the American people, one by one, each state signed the Uniform State Narcotic Law; Anslinger’s method of exaggeration and manipulation went according plan. THE MARIJUANA STAMP ACT A frightened America demanded that society be protected by the threat of marijuana, and sought relief within the power of the federal government. On June 14, 1937, the Marijuana Tax Act was signed into law by President Roosevelt without any â€Å"public debate, scientific inquiry, or political objection† (Grass, 1999). The act prohibited the possession of any marijuana unless one also possessed a marijuana tax stamp which was provided by the Department of Treasury, however, in order to obtain a stamp act, one had to present to authorities his or her amount of marijuana, which was illegal in and of itself. Through this extremely misleading form of legislation, the Department of Treasury effectively made marijuana possession illegal, and subsequently lead to hundreds of arrests. LA GUARDIA VERSUS ANSLINGER The enactment of the Marijuana Stamp Act brought with it skepticism from many white Americans, especially in the northeast region of the country. Those who opposed the Stamp Act believed that its implementation brought with it the return of prohibition, an aspect of legislation they did not want to see in existence again (R. Dietch, 2003). Fiorello La Guardia was the mayor of New York during Anslinger’s relentless crusade against marijuana’s use and possession, and he too was against prohibition and the criminalization of marijuana. La Guardia was skeptical of the claims that were made by the federal government in relation to the effects the use has on the mind, and consequently lead a committee of 31 impartial scientists in the investigation of the physical and mental effects marijuana use has on a human being. The La Guardia Committee Report was conducted for five years (1939 – 1944) in which it concluded that the effects of marijuana use did not agree with the perception of the Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics; a perception forced upon and used to frighten the people of America. The report stated that the use of marijuana did not â€Å"lead to violent or antisocial behavior, did not cause uncontrollable sexual urges, and did not alter a person’s basic personality structure† (Grass, 1999). Also, unlike the claims made by the federal government, the information provided by the La Guardia Committee Report, entitled The Marihuana Problem in the City of New York, was supported by scientific evidence and testimony from marijuana users (R. Deitch, 2003). In response to the threat of his credibility, Anslinger had the report discredited and destroyed all copies that he was able to obtain; he labeled the authors as â€Å"dangerous men† and referred to the evidence in the report as â€Å"giddy sociology and medical mumbo-jumbo† (M. Booth, 2005). The determined Anslinger did not allow the plights of science to diverge from him from his course; he targeted the degenerate moral influence of actors and musician in the entertainment industry, â€Å"the missionaries carrying its evil gospel to the world† (M. Booth, 2005). Anslinger obtained control not only over movie contracts, but pilot and book contracts as well; he gained control over the film industry and spent $220 million in the production of films that supported his views in relation to the dangerous effects marijuana could have on one’s life. Musicians were also targeted, especially black jazz musicians; he believed black jazz musicians were the source of this reefer evil, and white marijuana smokers were merely corrupted by black influence through their mainstream music (M. Booth, 2005). RED CHINA AND THE NARCOTIC CONTROL ACT OF 1956 With the approach of the 1950s, the number of heroin addicts was increasing, especially among young teens. Crimes of theft were high among these strung out teenagers who turned to illegal acts in an effort to support their drug habit. Anslinger and the federal government saw an opportunity in this new heroin craze, and deemed marijuana use the reason for the increase in heroin addicts; â€Å"if you smoke it, you will become a heroin addict† (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). With the new fabricated association between marijuana and heroin, tougher laws and greater penalties were demanded by the public for all drug offenses. Anslinger was quick to play on the growing fear of communism among the American people; he began to proclaim that behind every narcotics drug peddler was a communist â€Å"ready to overthrow the government† (Grass, 1999). Anslinger cleverly linked China as the direct source of the opiates that so many American people were becoming addicted to; it was believed by the public that â€Å"Red China† was trying to infiltrate America via the heroin needle (L. Sloman, 1998). In an effort not to appear nationally weak in the midst of a cold war and during the threat of the Red Menace, and without any physical proof that the Chinese were behind the rise of opiates in the United States, Truman signed the Boggs Act of 1951 which implemented mandatory minimum sentences for all drug offenses. THE DECRIMINALIZATION OF MARIJUANA The passing of the Boggs act was followed by the passage of the Narcotic Control Act of 1956, which placed marijuana in the same category as heroin; the mandatory minimum sentence for possession of marijuana could result in 2 – 10 years in prison (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). Some states placed even harsher punishments for the possession of narcotics; in Missouri a 2nd conviction could place the defendant in prison for life. Anslinger’s ruthless campaign against the criminalization of marijuana finally came to an end in 1961 under the administration of former President John F. Kennedy in which he warned his successor that â€Å"the impending drug revolution is an assault on the foundation of western civilization†. Between the years of 1941 and 1963, the federal government spent $1. 5 billion on the â€Å"war against marijuana†. The use of marijuana was a new craze among college campuses in the mid 1960s, many of those who smoked marijuana no longer held the view depicting it as a dangerous substance, but as a way of declaring their independence. The new commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, Henry Giordano, began to publicize that the use of marijuana will make one an â€Å"unmotivated, dysfunctional loser† (Grass, 1999). Nixon continued to focus on drug crimes by pouring significant amounts of money into the training, equipping, and educating local policemen in recognizing evidence related to marijuana use. Minorities were not the only individuals being convicted for the possession of marijuana; those who were being arrested for marijuana charges consisted mainly of middle-class, white, American teenagers. As a matter of fact, the number of convicted young people was so high that the public began wonder if the legislation against marijuana was too strict; the laws were then seen as the problem in society, not marijuana. The passage of the Controlled Substance Act of 1970 officially reduced the penalty for possession of marijuana (L. Sloman, 1998). Between 1964 and 1969 the amount of money used in the control of marijuana use and possession was estimated to be $9 billion. As Nixon continued spend millions of dollars in the establishment of the Drug Enforcement Agency, many American citizens began to seek the decriminalization of private use and possession of marijuana. This sudden public desire for the decriminalization of marijuana could be tied to its use no longer being a youth phenomenon; middle class adults had begun smoking marijuana during social activities and the push for the legalization of marijuana began. The Ann Arbor City Ordinance of 1972 placed marijuana possession to a minor offense, comparable to a traffic ticket. The control of marijuana use is still significant today, though the laws and regulations for the possession and use of marijuana have become notably less strict in comparison to the laws that were implemented during the 1920s. Between the Jimmy Carter Administration and throughout the Regan Administration, the United States of America spent approximately $290 billion in its efforts to control the drugs on the streets of the country (Grass, 1999). THE WAR ON DRUGS America’s need to abolish the use of marijuana stemmed from the racial prejudice against Mexican immigrants and African Americans, and was fueled by false proclamations and loosely associated consequences. The War on Drugs resulted in a grand total of over $300 billion spent; this battle is surely to go down in history as one of the most lengthy and costly wars this nation has ever experienced with no end in sight.

Marketing Research and Plan for E-commerce Travel in Indonesia Proposal

Marketing and Plan for E-commerce Travel in Indonesia - Research Proposal Example In efforts to mitigate levels of competition by individual organizations, online research strategies such as web analytics have been created. Web analytics delves on collecting, measuring and analyzing web data to facilitate comprehension of web efficacy consequently leading to web usage optimization (Cutroni, 2010, p.1). This has enabled computations of highly essential information such as market size, growth rate, and relative stage of development. Additionally, web research advancements such as web analytics have enabled organizations in highly competitive industries such the travel industry to compare their performance against competitors in a bid to retain relevance (Burby and Atchison, 2007). Effective market plans are heavily dependent on accurate market research in determining crucial aspects such as target group and the general market status. The travel and tourism industry is a major backbone and contributor of economic development in many countries such as Indonesia. For example, the tourism and travel industry in Indonesia contributed about 9.2 % of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2013 and was expected to have an increment of 7.5% of GDP in 2014 (Scowsill, 2014). This implies that tourism and travel industry is a relatively large industry in Indonesia. Additionally, the expected increments in relation to GDP are indicators of the growing market. The increased growth rate of tourism and travel industry is facilitated by increment in number of tourists visiting Indonesia. According to World Bank data on tourism, there has been a constant increment on the number of tourists visiting Indonesia from 2010 al through to 2012 (The World Bank). Moreover, development of the tourism and travel industry has facilitated growth of organizations within its territory such as hotels and travel agencies such as MyGlobalTrip. Although the levels of utilization of the internet are relatively low, increased focus by travel agencies is